What is a 24-hour Urinary Protein Test?
Protein is a significant biomolecule made up of amino acids and is involved in digestion, nutrient transport, structural support, enzymatic function, and immune function. Proteins are normally retained in blood and only small amount of protein is passed through urine.
24-hour urinary protein test is the measure of the protein excreted in urine within 24-hour window. It considerably helps in the diagnosis of various conditions including Kidney failure, glomerulonephritis, diabetes induced kidney damage and more.
How is the Test Performed?
The 24-hour urinary protein test involves the collection of urine for 24 hours.
Preparation
- Patients should refrain from heavy physical activity during and before the test to prevent false elevation of protein in the body
- Certain medications and dietary supplements should be avoided as instructed by the healthcare provider. Never stop any medications without the advice of your Doctor.
Collection Process
- In the morning flush the first urine and note the time.
- Collect all subsequent urine in the special container that is provided by the laboratory for the next 24 hours along with the urine of next morning.
- Keep the container refrigerated or on ice to prevent the degradation and contamination of the sample
- The sample must not be contaminated with pubic hair, menstrual blood, stool, toilet paper or other potential contaminants.
Submission
- Properly label and seal the container
- Return the sample to the laboratory.
Analysis
Total protein excreted in 24 hours is measured in the laboratory using advanced techniques like immunoassay and spectrophotometry for precise results.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
A 24-hour urinary protein test is recommended to patients exhibiting the signs and symptoms of kidney damage or related conditions;
Symptoms of Kidney dysfunction:
- Edema: Swelling of hands, feet or face
- Change in urination frequency and amount of urine
- Foamy urine
- High blood pressure
- Extreme fatigue and weakness
Following are some specific conditions that prompt the 24-hour urinary protein test
- Diabetic nephropathy
- Hypertension related kidney damage
- Unexplained hematuria (blood in urine) and proteinuria (protein in blood)
- Lupus
- Suspected Preeclampsia during pregnancy.
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
The normal value for 24-hour urinary protein test slightly varies according to the age, sex, and medical history.
Normal Range – <150 mg/day
**The above mentioned value is an approximate and vary between laboratories due to the methods use. Results should always be interpreted by healthcare provider according to medical history..**
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
Elevated levels of protein excretion indicate kidney dysfunction and other underlying health conditions.
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
- Medications including ACE inhibitors or ARBs are prescribed to slow the disease progression and reduce proteinuria.
- Management of blood pressure and blood sugar levels are vital
- Dietary modifications are also suggested.
Glomerulonephritis
- It is caused due to underlying autoimmune disorders.
- Immunosuppressive therapies are suggested.
Preeclampsia
- It is a medical emergency and the treatment focuses on the safety of the mother and baby
Diabetic Neuropathy
Kidney damage induced by diabetes can be slowed by controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
