What is 24-Hrs Urinary Calcium Test?
Calcium plays a vital role in bone health, nerve transmission, blood clotting and muscle & heart function. When calcium levels drop in blood, human bones release this mineral to keep the mineral levels at optimal range. When calcium levels rise in the body, it is excreted through urine or stool. 24-hours urinary calcium test helps in assessing calcium metabolism and helps in diagnosis of various conditions including kidney stones, parathyroid conditions and osteoporosis.
How is the Test Performed?
A 24-hour urinary calcium test measures the amount of calcium excreted in urine over a full day. It helps in diagnosing kidney stones, bone disorders or calcium metabolism issues.
Preparation
Follow any specific instructions provided by your doctor regarding diet or medications. Some foods and medicines can affect calcium levels. You may be advised to avoid them before or during the test. Ensure you drink plenty of water unless instructed otherwise.
Collection Process
Discard the first sample in the morning after waking up. This marks your 24 hours collection period. Over the next 24 hours collect all urine in a container. Keep the container in a cool and dry place. At the same time next morning, collect the first urine of the day, seal and label the container which will then be sent to the lab.
Testing
At the lab, the sample is analyzed for calcium levels, the results are then compared to standard ranges to help diagnose conditions related to calcium metabolism.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
This test is suggested to individuals experiencing various symptoms that suggest an abnormal calcium metabolism in the body. Below are some symptoms listed that may indicate the need for this test:
Kidney stones
- Frequent urination with pain
- Blood in urine
- Severe backache and abdominal pain
- Cloudy or foamy urine
- Nausea and vomiting
Parathyroid gland disorder
- Brittle and fragile bones
- Easy fractures
- Increased thirst and urination
- General muscle and body aches.
Osteoporosis and other bone disorders
- Fragile and brittle bones
- Frequent fractures
- Height loss over time
- Bladder or bowel incontinence
- Stooped posture may develop
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
The normal excretion of calcium varies according to age, diet, health conditions and sex. Generally accepted ranges are as follows:
Males – 24-300 mg/24 hrs
Females –20-275 mg/24 hrs.
Children – 20-250 mg/24 hrs.
Post-menopausal women –50-300 mg/24 hrs
**The ranges may vary depending on the dietary intake and methods used in the laboratory.**
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
Abnormal calcium levels indicate several health conditions. An increased calcium level in blood is referred to as “Hypercalciuria” or “Hypercalcemia” indicating potential risks of kidney stones, hyperparathyroidism, Paget’s disease, excessive vitamin D intake, weak bones, and compromised heart and brain function. Whereas decreased calcium levels in the blood “Hypocalciuria” or “Hypocalcemia” indicates hypoparathyroidism, calcium deficiency and kidney disorders. The healthcare provider may suggest other tests such as blood calcium, Vitamin D or imaging studies to confirm the disease and diagnosis.
