What is an Absolute Basophil Count?
Basophils are a type of white blood cell (WBC) and are present in the least quantity normally 0.5% to 1% among other granulocytes (type of white blood cell). Basophils are the largest granulocytes. They play a vital role in immune function during allergic reactions by releasing histamine to increase the blood flow to damaged tissues along with heparin to prevent blood clots, and in combating various infectious bacteria, viruses, and microorganisms.
The absolute Basophil Count is used to measure the number of basophils in the blood. Abnormal absolute basophil count suggests that the person is experiencing an autoimmune disorder, an infection, an allergic reaction, or a chronic infection.
How is the Test Performed?
The Absolute Basophil Count Test is a part of the Complete Blood Count (CBC) test with minimal invasion i.e. a simple blood draw.
Preparation
- Wear short sleeves to make the blood draw process more convenient.
- If you are on medications, you must discuss it with your healthcare provider as he may instruct you to avoid certain medications, that may interfere with the basophil levels.
Blood Draw
- A technician draws blood from your vein, typically from the arm.
- The sample is then placed in a special tube treated with EDTA.
Laboratory Analysis
The sample is then sent to the laboratory for analysis through advanced automated analyzers or manual microscopy.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
An absolute basophil count test is recommended for patients experiencing symptoms of a compromised immune system, allergic reactions, chronic inflammation, or blood disorders. The following symptoms are exhibited in these patients;
Allergic reactions
- Itching or rashes
- Swelling of lips, throat and face
- Difficulty in breathing
- Itching
- Unexplained hives (raised rashes)
- diarrhea
Chronic inflammation and Infections
- Frequent fevers
- Joint pain or swelling
- Persistent Fatigue
Autoimmune disorders
- Unexplained weight loss
- Weakness in muscle
- Light sensitivity
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
The normal values for absolute basophil count are dependent on the laboratory reference range and methodology used. The general reference ranges are mentioned below;
Adults and Children – 0 to 300 cells/µL
**The above-given reference value is for general guidelines only. Your healthcare provider will give you the correct interpretation of the results. **
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
Abnormal levels of basophils are suggestive of various health conditions that need early medical attention for the management of several diseases;
High Absolute Basophil Count
An elevated level of basophil is known as basophilia and it indicates the following conditions
- Chronic allergic conditions including hay fever, eczema, or asthma
- Hypothyroidism
- Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
- Chronic Inflammatory disorders
- Parasitic infection including helminth infection
- Inflammatory bowel disease
Low Absolute Basophil Count
A lower basophil level is referred as basopenia and it is suggestive of the following conditions.
- Acute allergic reaction
- Hyperthyroidism
- Stress
- Severe infection
- Use of medicines including corticosteroids
In case of abnormality, further testing is advised to diagnose the underlying condition to start an early and appropriate treatment and management plan.
