What is Androstenedione?
Androstenedione is an anabolic steroidal hormone synthesized in the adrenal glands and gonads (ovaries in females and testes in males). It is a vital precursor in the production of estrogen and testosterone and supports the maintenance of hormonal balance and sexual development and reproduction. It is also available as an oral supplement to increase the testosterone levels.
The androstenedione test is conducted to measure the concentration of androstenedione in the blood. Abnormal levels of androstenedione are suggestive of adrenal gland disorders, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs) and may lead to the sex cells disruption.
How is the Test Performed?
ANA-screening is a simple blood test with no risks associated with it, although, some people may experience a slight sting while drawing the blood or a small bruise afterwards.
Preparation
- Fasting might be required for certain people or as advised by the healthcare provider.
- Avoid biotin supplements at least 24 hours before the test.
- The healthcare provider may advise you to avoid certain medications that might interfere with the hormonal level so keep your doctor informed about any medication you are taking.
Collection
- The sample is typically collected in the morning as the hormone levels are most stable at that time.
- A trained phlebotomist draws blood from the vein using a needle and transfers it to the tube.
- The sample is then sent to the laboratory for further analysis.
Laboratory Analysis
Once the laboratory receives the sample, it is analyzed using techniques including HPLC-MS/MS for accurate results.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
Androstenedione test is conducted when individuals exhibit signs and symptoms of adrenal gland disorders, or abnormalities with hormonal production in the gonads. Some of the symptoms mentioned below warrant this test;
Symptoms in newborns
- Ambiguous genitalia; Genitalia that is not differentiated into male or female
- Severe dehydration
- Low blood pressure
- vomiting
Symptoms in Adolescents
- Early or delayed puberty
- Deepening of voice in girls
- Body acne
- Excessive hair growth in girls
- Abnormalities in growth
Symptoms in Adult Women
- Acne or oily skin
- Loss or thinning of hair
- Excessive hair growth on chest, face and back
- Irregular periods
- Infertility
Symptoms in Adult Men
- Decreased libido
- Development of breast tissues
- A lower sperm count
- Infertility
- Reduced muscle mass
- Reduced muscle strength
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
The normal range for androstenedione varies according to the age, gender, and general health condition of an individual. The generally accepted reference range is given below;
Neonates – less than 8.0 nmol/L
Male aged 18 to 40 years – 1 to 5.6 nmol/L
Male aged 41 to 67 years – 8 to 4.7 nmol/L
Premenopausal Female – 9 to 7.5 nmol/L
Postmenopausal Female – 4 to 2.9 nmol/L
**The reference ranges given above are for general guidance only and may vary between the laboratories according to the assay of the test.**
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
Abnormal levels of androstenedione suggest that an individual might be suffering from the following conditions;
High Androstenedione Levels indicate;
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Congenital Adrenal hyperplasia
- Adrenal tumors
- Ovarian tumors
- Testicular tumors
Low Androstenedione Levels indicate;
- Insufficiency of adrenal gland
- Hypogonadism
- Disorders associated with pituitary gland
