What is the Apolipoprotein Ratio?
Apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B are essential components of the lipoproteins and are involved in lipid metabolism. The apolipoprotein ratio is the proportion between these two vital proteins. Apo A1 is the primary component of high-density lipoprotein or good cholesterol whereas Apo B is the major component of low-density lipoprotein or bad cholesterol.
The ratio of Apo A1 and Apo B gives valuable insights into the health of the heart of lipid metabolism. A high Apo A1/Apo B ratio suggests that the person is at a higher risk of getting diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders. A low Apo A1/Apo B ratio is suggestive of a healthy lipid profile and good heart health.
How is the Test Performed?
The apolipoprotein ratio test is a minimally invasive blood test.
Preparation
- Fasting is required for the test to ensure accurate results.
- The test is usually taken in the morning.
- Keep yourself hydrated so that the vein is easily visible.
- Wear short-sleeved clothes for convenience.
- Avoid alcohol and a fatty diet at least 24 hours before the test.
Collection
- Blood collection is a minimally invasive procedure using a needle to draw the blood from the vein.
- Pressure is applied to the area from where the blood was drawn to stop any bleeding.
- Bandage is then applied to that area.
- The blood sample is transferred to a chemically treated tube.
- The sample is then sent to the laboratory for further analysis.
Lab analysis
- The sample is analyzed using immunoassay or advanced chromatography techniques.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
This test is usually suggested to individuals who are at risk of developing a cardiovascular or metabolic disorder or are exhibiting the following symptoms.
General Symptoms
- Discomfort or pain in the chest
- Shortness of breath
- Fatigue
- Low tolerance to exercise
- Sudden gain in weight
Risk Factors
- A family history of heart or metabolic disorders
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Hypertension
- Insulin resistance
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
The normal range of apolipoprotein ratio varies according to age, gender, and underlying condition of an individual. The generally accepted reference range is given below;
- Adult Male – Less than 0.8
- Adult Females – Less than 0.7
- High Cardiovascular Risk – More than and equal to 0.9
**The reference range given above varies according to the assay of the test between the laboratories and is given for general guidelines only.**
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
An elevated or low level of Apolipoprotein ratio indicates a higher risk of getting a cardiovascular disorder such as stroke or coronary artery disease. Below some of the possible implications are mentioned in either case;
High Apolipoprotein Ratio
- Imbalance that favors low-density lipoprotein causing an increased risk of atherosclerosis
- Increased risk of cardiovascular disorders.
- Impact the longevity
Low Apolipoprotein B Levels
- Generally considered good and is indicative of a healthy functioning heart and lipid profile.
If the apolipoprotein ratio is abnormal follow-up tests are suggested by your healthcare provider including a lipid panel, cardiac imaging including coronary artery calcium scoring, carotid ultrasound, etc., and lifestyle changes including stopping smoking, eating a well-balanced diet, and regular exercise.
