What is Blood in Urine Test?
A Blood in Urine Test is used to detect the presence of blood (red blood cells) in the urine, a condition known as hematuria. Blood in the urine may be visible (gross hematuria), where the urine appears pink, red, or brown, or microscopic (microscopic hematuria), where the blood is only detectable through laboratory testing. Even when blood is not visible, its presence may indicate an underlying condition that requires medical evaluation.
A Blood in Urine Test is commonly performed as part of a urinalysis to help diagnose and monitor conditions affecting the kidneys and urinary tract. These include urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, kidney disease, bladder disorders, and, in some cases, urinary tract cancers. The test may also be used during routine health check-ups or to investigate symptoms such as painful urination, frequent urination, or unexplained abdominal or back pain.
How is the Test Performed?
Preparation
- Preparing for a Blood in Urine Test is generally simple.
- No fasting is usually required.
- Drink fluids as you normally would unless instructed otherwise by your healthcare provider.
- Inform your healthcare provider if you are menstruating, have recently exercised vigorously, or are
- taking medications such as blood thinners, as these factors may affect the results.
- Follow the instructions carefully to collect a clean-catch midstream urine sample.
Collection
- The test requires a urine sample, which is usually collected using the clean-catch method.
- Wash your hands before collecting the sample.
- Clean the genital area using the cleansing wipes provided.
- Begin urinating into the toilet before collecting the middle portion of the urine stream in the sterile container.
- Avoid touching the inside of the container or lid.
- Secure the lid tightly and return the sample promptly for laboratory analysis.
Lab Analysis
The urine sample is first analysed using a urine dipstick test, which can detect the presence of blood. If blood is detected, the sample is further examined under a microscope to confirm the presence and number of red blood cells (RBCs). Other urine components, including white blood cells, protein, bacteria, casts, and crystals, may also be evaluated to help identify the underlying cause. The results are interpreted alongside your symptoms, medical history, and any additional laboratory or imaging studies required for diagnosis.
What are the Symptoms that Prompt this Test?
A Blood in Urine Test may be recommended if you have symptoms suggesting a condition affecting the kidneys or urinary tract.
Symptoms That May Prompt This Test
Your healthcare provider may recommend a Blood in Urine Test if you experience:
- Pink, red, or brown-coloured urine
- Pain or burning during urination
- Frequent or urgent urination
- Difficulty urinating
- Pain in the lower abdomen, back, or side (flank pain)
- Fever or chills with urinary symptoms
- Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
- Unexplained swelling in the hands, feet, or face
- High blood pressure associated with suspected kidney disease
Conditions That May Require This Test
A Blood in Urine Test may also be performed if your healthcare provider suspects or is monitoring:
- Urinary tract infection (UTI)
- Kidney stones
- Kidney disease
- Bladder or kidney infection
- Enlarged prostate
- Kidney injury or trauma
- Certain inherited kidney disorders
- Tumours of the kidneys, bladder, or urinary tract
- Side effects of medications such as blood thinners
In some individuals, especially those with microscopic hematuria, there may be no symptoms, and the condition is detected only during routine urine testing.
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
A Blood in Urine Test normal range is reported based on whether blood or red blood cells (RBCs) are detected in the urine.
Common reference values include:
Normal: 0–3 red blood cells (RBCs) per high-power field (HPF)
Abnormal: More than 3 red blood cells per high-power field (HPF)
A positive dipstick test is usually confirmed with microscopic examination because substances other than intact red blood cells, such as hemoglobin or myoglobin, may also produce a positive result.
“The reference ranges vary depending on the laboratory and the methodology used. Individuals must consult their healthcare provider for correct interpretation of the results.”
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
An abnormal Blood in Urine Test indicates that blood has been detected in the urine. This does not necessarily mean you have a serious medical condition, but it does require further evaluation to determine the underlying cause. Your healthcare provider will interpret the results together with your symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and additional laboratory or imaging tests.
Blood in the urine may be associated with several conditions, including:
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
- Kidney stones
- Kidney disease, including glomerular disease
- Bladder or kidney infections
- Enlarged prostate
- Injury to the kidneys or urinary tract
- Vigorous exercise
- Certain medications, including blood thinners
- Tumours affecting the kidneys, bladder, or urinary tract
Depending on the suspected cause, your healthcare provider may recommend additional urine tests, blood tests, imaging studies such as an ultrasound or CT scan, or a cystoscopy to examine the bladder.
Need a Blood in Urine Test? Book your appointment today for accurate urine testing and expert evaluation of your urinary health.
