What is Blood Sugar Fasting?
The primary source of energy for the body is “Glucose” which is obtained by the breakdown of carbohydrates consumed through digestion. The glucose is then absorbed by the cells from the blood and the levels of glucose are regulated by a hormone named insulin. Insulin helps the cells to absorb the glucose from the bloodstream for the production of energy or for storage purposes for later use.
The blood sugar fasting test is a diagnostic test that measures the glucose levels in the blood after fasting for 8 to 12 hours or overnight. Abnormal glucose levels are an indication of the presence of diabetes, prediabetes, and other metabolic disorders thus this test is crucial in early disease management and monitoring the disease to prevent further complications.
How is the Test Performed?
The Blood Sugar Fasting Test is a straightforward blood test including protocols and steps;
Preparation
- A fast of 8 to 12 hours or overnight fasting i.e. no eating or drinking anything except water is required for the test so that the baseline
- glucose levels can be evaluated.
- Avoid caffeine intake before the test.
- Avoid smoking prior to the test.
- Vigorous exercise should be avoided.
Sample collection
- A trained technician draws blood from the arm vein while using a sterile needle.
- The sample is then placed in the chemically treated vial.
- The procedure causes minimal to no discomfort.
Laboratory Analysis
- The sample is then sent to the laboratory for further analysis using techniques such as enzymatic methods or spectrophotometric methods for the measurement of blood glucose levels.Results
- Results are available within a few hours or a day depending on the robustness of the laboratory.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
The healthcare provider suggests this test if you are exhibiting the symptoms of abnormalities associated with metabolic disorders and the risk factors associated with diabetes;
Symptoms of Elevated Fasting Blood Sugar
- Frequent urination
- Increase in thirst
- Unexplainable weight loss
- Vision problems commonly blurry vision
- Increased hunger
- Slow healing of the wound
Symptoms of Lowered Fasting Blood Sugar
- Shaking and tremors
- Sweating or chills
- Fast heartbeat
- Confusion
- Irritability
- Light-headedness
- Increase in hunger
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
The normal values for Blood Sugar Fasting vary with factors such as age, gender, pregnancy, and underlying health conditions, and additional tests are recommended for more comprehensive evaluation;
- Healthy Adults– 70 to 99 mg/dL
- Prediabetes – 100 to 125 mg/dL
- Diabetes – 126 mg/dL or more
**The reference ranges vary according to the test assay used in the laboratory. **
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
Abnormal levels of blood sugar fasting indicate the presence of an underlying health condition that needs early management and treatment with regular monitoring for effective disease management;
Elevated Blood Sugar Fasting
- Type 1 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes
- Gestational diabetes
- Elevations due to stress or pregnancy
Decreased Blood Sugar Fasting
- Excessive use of insulin
- Starvation or fasting
- Hormonal imbalances
- Consumption of alcohol
