What is Hba1c?
HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c) is a form of hemoglobin that is chemically linked to glucose. It is used to determine the average blood sugar levels of the past two to three months and is used in the detection and management of diabetes. This test is used to help people and healthcare providers monitor long-term glucose control and treatment decisions. High HbA1c levels are a sign of poor blood sugar control and a higher likelihood of diabetes complications like nerve damage, kidney disease, and cardiovascular diseases.
How is the Test Performed?
The Hba1c test is a straightforward test involving a simple blood draw.
Preparation
- Fasting is not required normally for this test.
- Always inform your doctor about any medication you are taking to evaluate the results based on the medicine intake and underlying health condition.
Collection
- A trained phlebotomist uses a needle to draw blood from the vein.
- The sample is then placed in a special tube provided by the laboratory that is usually treated with chemicals to prevent the contamination and degradation of the sample.
Lab Analysis
- The sample is sent to the laboratory to analyze the percentage of glycated hemoglobin in the blood.
- The laboratory uses advanced techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography immunoassay.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
Your health care provider may order an HbA1c test if you have symptoms of diabetes or to monitor diabetes if you have the disease. This test is also used for screening people who are likely to develop diabetes.
General Symptoms
- Feeling thirsty excessively
- Urinating frequently
- Contracting infections frequently
- Weight loss without a known reason
- Weakness
- Fatigue
- Numbness or tingling in the feet or hands
- Wound healing at a slower rate
- Vision blurriness
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
The normal range for HbA1c levels can be different for different people depending on their health. Here are the general guidelines.
Diabetes – > 6.5%
Prediabetes –7% to 6.4%
Normal – < 5.7%
**For people with diabetes, the HbA1c goal may be different based on treatment plans. Some healthcare professionals target an HbA1c level below 7% to lower complications risk.**
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
High or low HbA1c levels are associated with poor glucose control and may need changes in lifestyle, medication, or further medical exams. The healthcare provider may prescribe:
- For Prediabetes: Changes in diet, increased physical activities, and losing weight to avoid the development of diabetes.
- For Diabetes: Modification of medication, change of insulin therapy, or change in diet to attain good glucose control.
- Additional Testing: If HbA1c levels are not consistent with daily glucose readings then FBS or OGTT may be recommended.
