What Is HSV-1/2 IgG Test?
HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus) types 1 and 2 antibody test or commonly known as HSV-1/2 IgG, detects immunoglobulin G antibodies to the Herpes type 1 and 2. Type 1 herpes is primarily associated with oral herpes, type 2 herpes is associated with genital herpes, however both types can infect either areas. The test is used to determine if a patient has been exposed to HSV-1 or HSV-2 even if they never had any symptoms of the virus.
The test is often recommended for individuals with signs of herpes, those with a known exposure to the virus or those seeking to confirm their herpes status. The test is also useful for pregnant women, as HSV infection can pose risks to newborns during delivery. By identifying HSV antibodies, healthcare providers can guide patients on managing symptoms, reducing transmission and preventing complications.
How is the Test Performed?
Sample Collection
A small quantity of blood is drawn from the patient and collected in a sterile and sealed vile.
Lab Testing
The sample is analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) to detect HSV-specific IgG antibodies.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
The test is ordered if a patient shows the following symptoms:
- Painful blisters or sores on the mouth, lips or genitals
- Itching or burning in the affected area
- Flu-like symptoms (fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes) during the first outbreak
- Recurrent outbreaks of sores or blisters
- Eye infections (herpes keratitis)
- Concerns about transmitting the virus to the baby during delivery (pregnant women)
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
HSV 1/2 IgG is a qualitative test that detects the presence of HSV antibodies. It does not have a numerical value. A positive result indicates past or current infection while a negative result indicates no current or past infection detected.
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
Abnormal or positive results means the patient has been exposed to HSV-1 or HSV-2. The doctor will evaluate the results in the context of patient’s symptoms and medical history. Further testing such as a viral culture or PCR test may be recommended to confirm an active infection. For individuals with symptoms, antiviral medications may be prescribed to manage outbreaks and reduce transmission. Pregnant women with a positive result may require additional monitoring and treatment to prevent neonatal herpes. Counseling on safe practices and reducing transmission to partners is also an important part of managing HSV infection.
