What Is A Lipid Profile?
Lipid profile also known as lipid panel measures the different types of fats in the blood. The test includes measuring total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL also known as “bad cholesterol”), high density lipoprotein (HDL also called “good cholesterol”) and triglycerides. The test is often warranted to assess the risk of heart attack and strokes in patient who are at risk. It is also used to monitor existing heart diseases and evaluating treatment effectiveness.
The test is often recommended by doctors for patients with risk factors such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, family history of heart diseases or sedentary lifestyle. High cholesterol levels cause plaque buildup in arteries, increasing the risk of stroke, organ failure and heart attacks. Regular lipid profile testing is also useful for health conscious individuals as it helps in early detection and prevention of cardiovascular problems. Additionally people undergoing cholesterol reduction treatments need frequent lipid tests to track the progress of treatment.
How is the Test Performed?
Preparation
Patients are required to fast for 9 to 12 hours before providing sample as food intake can raise lipid levels in blood.
Sample Collection
A certified healthcare professional will draw blood sample from a vein.
Lab Analysis
In the lab, the blood sample undergoes centrifugation to separate plasma, followed by enzymatic assays to measure cholesterol and triglyceride levels.
Results
Results are typically available within a 24 hours.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
Symptoms In Adults
- Chest pain or discomfort
- High blood pressure
- Unexplained fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Sudden weight gain
- Frequent headaches
- Family history of heart disease
- Fatty diet and sedentary lifestyle
- Excessive smoking and alcohol consumption
Symptoms In Children
- Obesity
- Family history of high cholesterol
- High blood pressure
- Fatigue or weakness
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
Lipid profile test consists of measuring 4 different types of cholesterols in blood. The ranges vary slightly according to gender. Normal ranges are:
Total Cholesterol – Less than 200 mg/dL
LDL Cholesterol – Less than 100 mg/dL
HDL Cholesterol – More than 40-50 mg/dL
Triglycerides – Less than 150 mg/dL
**The above mentioned range is for information purpose only. Normal levels are dependent on a number of factors including age, gender, testing method and health condition of patient etc. Result interpretation should be done by a qualified doctor or healthcare professional.**
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
Depending on the results, your doctor may recommend further testing, such as:
Repeat Testing – To confirm the accuracy of results.
Liver Function Test – To check liver health as it plays a vital role in fat metabolism.
Blood Sugar Test – To screen for diabetes which affects the cholesterol levels.
Lifestyle Changes – Change in diet, exercise, quitting smoking and alcohol consumption.
Medication – Medications such as statins to lower the cholesterol levels.
Further Screening – Cardiovascular screening such as ECG or stress tests may be necessary.
