What Is An Occult Blood (FOB)
The stool occult blood test is a diagnostic tool that detects hidden (occult) blood in the stool that is not visible to the naked eye. This test is primarily used to screen for gastrointestinal conditions such as colorectal cancer, ulcers, polyps, hemorrhoids or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Presence of blood in stool indicates bleeding in the digestive tract which may be caused by benign or serious conditions.
For individuals over the age of 50 and those having family history of colorectal cancer, this is often a part of routine screening. It is also used to diagnose underlying conditions causing symptoms like abdominal pain, changes in bowel habits or unexplained weight loss. Early detection of gastrointestinal bleeding can lead to timely intervention and better health outcomes. The stool occult blood test is non-invasive, easy to perform and provides valuable insights into digestive health.
How is the Test Performed?
Sample Collection
The test requires a small sample of stool collected in a sterile container. The sample should be free from contaminants like urine, paper towel or water.
Lab Analysis
In the lab, the sample is tested using chemical reagents or immunochemical methods to detect the presence of blood. The test looks for hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells which indicates bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract.
Result
The test is quick and highly accurate providing results within 24 to 48 hours.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
Common symptoms that warrant this test are:
- Abdominal pain or cramping
- Changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation)
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue or weakness (signs of anemia)
- Blood visible in stool
- Poor growth or development in children
- Unexplained anemia
- History of gastrointestinal conditions
- Family history of colorectal cancer
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
Stool occult blood test provides a qualitative result.
Negative – No blood detected in the stool.
Positive – Blood detected meaning there is potential gastrointestinal bleeding and requires further testing to detect underlying condition.
** Normal levels are dependent on a number of factors including age, gender, testing method and health condition of patient etc. Result interpretation should be done by a qualified doctor or healthcare professional.**
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
If the test results are abnormal, further testing is required to determine the cause of the bleeding. Your doctor may recommend:
Colonoscopy – To examine the colon and rectum for polyps, tumors or other abnormalities.
Endoscopy – To check the upper digestive tract for ulcers or other issues.
Imaging Studies – Such as CT scans or MRIs to identify the source of bleeding.
Blood Tests – To check for anemia or other underlying conditions.
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause. For example, polyps may be removed during a colonoscopy while conditions like ulcers or IBD may require medication or lifestyle changes.
