What Is A Total PSA Test?
Total PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen) Test measures a protein produced by the prostate gland. PSA is normally present in small amounts in blood but elevated levels can indicate prostate issues, including prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or prostatitis. The test is primarily used for prostate cancer screening, especially in men over 50 or those with risk factors like family history of prostate cancer. Doctors may recommend the Total PSA test as part of routine health check-ups, particularly for individuals experiencing urinary symptoms or other signs associated with prostate issues. Early detection through PSA testing can improve treatment outcomes and management of prostate-related conditions.
How is the Test Performed?
Preparation
Although no special preparation like fasting is needed for the test, but it is advised to avoid strenuous exercise or ejaculation 24 hours before the test as these activities can raise PSA levels in blood temporarily.
Sample Collection
A small amount of blood is taken from a vein in the arm of the patient.
Lab Analysis
The sample is tested to measure the total amount of PSA, which includes both free PSA and PSA bound to other proteins. The results are typically reported in nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).
Turnaround Time
Results are normally available in 24 – 48 hours.
What are the symptoms that prompt this test?
PSA testing is generally not required for women or children, as the prostate gland is exclusive to men.
Men
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Difficulty starting or stopping urination
- Weak or interrupted urine flow
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Painful urination or ejaculation
- Unexplained weight loss and fatigue (in advanced cases)
- Age over 50 (or over 45 for high-risk groups)
What are Normal Ranges for This Test?
Normal ranges of PSA levels in blood depend on age.
- Under 50 years of age:Up to 2 ng/ml
- 50-59:Up to 3 ng/ml
- 60-69:Up to 4 ng/ml
- 70+:Up to 5 ng/ml
- PSA levels between 5-10 ng/mlmay indicate BPH or Prostatitis.
- Above 10 ng/mlmay suggest prostate cancer.
** Normal levels are dependent on a number of factors including age, gender, testing method and health condition of patient etc. Result interpretation should be done by a qualified doctor or healthcare professional.**
What Happens if Test Results Show Abnormal Levels?
If total PSA levels are abnormal, your doctor may recommend further testing to determine the cause. This may include:
- A free PSA test to measure the ratio of free PSA to total PSA.
- A digital rectal exam (DRE) to check for abnormalities in the prostate.
- A prostate biopsy to confirm or rule out prostate cancer.
- Imaging tests like MRI or ultrasound to examine the prostate gland.
Depending on the results, your doctor may suggest lifestyle changes, medications, or treatments to address the underlying condition.
